Understanding COVID-19 in Cameroon: A Web-Based Survey of Residents’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices at the Onset of the Pandemic

Background: Global outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can overwhelm health systems—especially in resource-limited countries. In Cameroon, COVID-19 containment efforts relied on case management (diagnosis and treatment) and enhanced personal preventive measures. However, public compliance with these measures largely depends on people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the disease. Aim: This study assessed the KAP of Cameroonians toward COVID-19 following the implementation of the country’s initial preventive measures. Methodology: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted from April 1st to 20th, two weeks after the introduction of COVID-19 prevention measures in Cameroon. Due to physical distancing requirements during the pandemic, an in-person national survey was not feasible; data collection was therefore conducted online. Participants were recruited via social media platforms, specifically WhatsApp and Facebook. Data were collected anonymously using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed the following areas: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of COVID-19, attitudes towards COVID-19 and COVID-19-related practices. Results: A total of 910 respondents participated in the study. Only 38.1% had previously heard of coronavirus-related diseases before the COVID-19 outbreak. Most respondents scored at a "fair" level across the KAP modules. Multiple linear regression analysis identified knowledge and attitude scores as significant predictors of practice scores. Additionally, specific demographic groups—participants under 20 years old, students, the unemployed, and those in unskilled occupations—were significantly associated with lower KAP scores. Conclusion: Improving public health communication and tailoring interventions to specific population groups are critical for enhancing adherence to preventive measures and controlling the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19 in resource-constrained settings. These findings offer a foundation for designing targeted responses to future outbreaks and pandemics.