Board Diversity and Its Impact on Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Malaysian Listed Firms

This study investigates the influence of board diversity on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices among Malaysian listed firms. Drawing on corporate governance and stakeholder theory, the research examines how key board characteristics -gender diversity, age heterogeneity, board size, independence, and tenure -affect firms’ engagement in CSR initiatives. Using panel data and OLS regression analysis, the findings reveal that greater gender representation, age diversity, larger board size, and a higher proportion of independent directors are positively associated with CSR performance. However, longer board tenure shows a negative relationship, suggesting that entrenched directors may hinder CSR innovation. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on governance and sustainability by highlighting the significance of diverse board structures in fostering responsible business practices. Practical implications are offered for regulators, policymakers, and corporate leaders aiming to enhance CSR strategies through effective governance reforms.