Flexible renewable integrated energy system capabilities to improve voltage stability with power quality and economic environmental operation of smart grid

The research focuses on managing power within renewable flexible integrated energy systems in intelligent distribution systems, considering factors such as harmonic compensation, voltage stability, and environmental indices. The proposed system is based on a deterministic model that aims to optimize four distinct objectives. This objective function collectively minimizes the network's operating costs, emissions, total voltage harmonics, and the symmetrical value of the voltage stability index. Key constraints involve the operational and flexible models of the renewable integrated energy system, along with the linearized AC harmonic optimal power flow model and voltage stability limits. The study acknowledges inherent uncertainties related to the power output from renewable units, electric vehicles energy, price of energy, and load. To address these uncertainties, adaptive robust optimization is employed to ensure resilient solutions. Results indicate that despite these uncertainties, the operation of SDNs remains robust even with a prediction error margin of up to 45%. Moreover, the proposed system reduces voltage drop by 57.7%, emissions by 49.3%, operational cost by 55.2%, energy loss by 45.4%, and harmonic index by 48.6% under 45% uncertainty. In this condition, voltage stability increases 15%.