Abstract Purpose: In Brazil, the Unified Health System (SUS) must, under Law No. 12, 732/2012, start oncological treatment within 60 days (timely treatment) after a cancer diagnosis. However, barriers in public health policies still hinder its implementation. This study aims to identify cancers with the longest therapeutic delay (time between diagnosis and treatment) and analyze the epidemiological profile of affected patients to guide better public health measures. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative study on the waiting time between cancer diagnosis and treatment in Brazil in 2024. Secondary data were collected from the “PAINEL-Oncologia” database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. The study considered the following variables: diagnosis, detailed diagnosis, age group and sex. The time interval was classified into three categories: up to 30 days, 31–60 days, and more than 60 days. Cases without treatment time data were excluded. Results: In 2024, a total of 185, 567 cancer cases with recorded treatment time were reported in Brazil. Overall, approximately 53% of cancers were treated within 30 days, while 29% of cases underwent treatment only after 60 days (untimely treatment). Among malignant neoplasms (85% of reported cases), breast cancer (25. 37% underwent treatment beyond 60 days), prostate cancer (15. 87%), cervical cancer (6. 45%), and colon cancer (6. 04%) were the most prevalent cancers with treatment initiation beyond 60 days, collectively accounting for approximately 54% of untimely treatments. Among patients experiencing a treatment delay of over 60 days, about 54% were between 55 and 74 years old, with women being the most affected group, representing 55% of these cases. Conclusion: The data analysis enables the identification of the main cancers associated with therapeutic delays in Brazil in 2024, with breast cancer standing out as the most affected, as more than 25% of cases exceeded the 60-day treatment initiation period, in violation of government regulations. The epidemiological profile most affected by delayed oncological treatment comprises women in the early stages of senescence. These findings underscore the need for public health measures focused on enhancing and optimizing early cancer treatment, particularly for the types of cancer and patient demographics most impacted by treatment delays. Citation Format: Yasmin Marques Loureiro. Time Interval Between Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment in Brazil in 2024: Epidemiological Profile of Cancers with the Highest Incidence of Therapeutic Delay abstract. In: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; 2025 Sep 16. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2025;34 (12Suppl): Abstract nr 15.
YASMIN MARQUES LOUREIRO (Mon,) studied this question.