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December 4, 2025

Patient and Clinical Characteristics Associated With Pain During Cesarean Delivery: A Prospective Single-center Patient-reported Outcome Study

Key Points

Pain during cesarean delivery was linked to patient-reported outcomes, potentially increasing maternal morbidity.
Data from 110 patients indicated a significant relationship between anxiety and pain expectations after neuraxial anesthesia.
The prospective study explored the frequency and contributing factors of pain related to cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia.
Results highlight the need for addressing anxiety to reduce postpartum pain and improve patient care.

Abstract

( Int J Obstet Anesth . 2025; 61:104324. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2024.104324) Pain during cesarean delivery (CD) has recently come under considerable scrutiny and can be a major contributor to maternal morbidity postpartum. This prospective patient-reported outcome study explored the frequency and contributing factors of pain experienced during cesarean delivery (PDCD) among patients receiving neuraxial anesthesia. Conducted between December 1, 2023 and March 31, 2024, the prospective study included 110 patients who underwent either scheduled or unplanned CD using spinal or combined spinal epidural (CSE) anesthesia. They were evaluated 24 to 72 hours after delivery. Researchers aimed to identify patient characteristics and clinical variables linked to PDCD and to examine the role of anxiety and pain expectations.

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