Individual-, institutional-, and societal-level factors and their interactions in the association between minority ethnicity and self-reported health outcomes in China, 2010–2021: a repeated cross-sectional study

Key Points

• Health outcomes improved among ethnic minorities versus the Han majority, indicating a significant difference.
• A 2010–2021 dataset revealed that individual-level factors mainly influence health outcomes, with societal interactions playing a role.
• Cross-sectional study design applied is effective in understanding social epidemiological theories in a Chinese context.
• Results imply that addressing institutional and societal factors is crucial for better health interventions among minorities.

Abstract