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This is a Cross-Sectional Study study.

December 5, 2025BMC Public HealthOpen Access

Individual-, institutional-, and societal-level factors and their interactions in the association between minority ethnicity and self-reported health outcomes in China, 2010–2021: a repeated cross-sectional study

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Cross-sectional study found minority ethnicity improves health outcomes in China, suggesting social factors influence variations.

Health outcomes improved among ethnic minorities versus the Han majority, indicating a significant difference.
A 2010–2021 dataset revealed that individual-level factors mainly influence health outcomes, with societal interactions playing a role.
Cross-sectional study design applied is effective in understanding social epidemiological theories in a Chinese context.
Results imply that addressing institutional and societal factors is crucial for better health interventions among minorities.

Lu et al. (2025) studied this question.

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