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Part 1 The diversification strategy: the origins of Nokia Kairamo's vision of a European technology concern the crash of the internet investment economy, Nokia's years of turmoil. Part 2 The global focus strategy: restructuring, the focus strategy strategic intent global focus strategic market making. Part 3 Toward the mobile information society: Nokia's R&D, focusing and globalization upstream innovation downstream innovation Nokia's secret code. Appendix: A note on the Finnish sources.
Cooper et al. (Mon,) studied this question.