Pharmacological management of insomnia with a focus on GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators and orexin receptor antagonists

receptor positive allosteric modulators are used for longer treatment durations spanning months, whereas orexin receptor antagonists tend to show a more favorable profile over similar long-term use. Nevertheless, there is an observed dose-response relationship with orexin receptor antagonists that may increase the risk of abuse at higher dosages. Approval for use of orexin receptor antagonists for management of insomnia is more restrictive in European countries than that seen in other regions around the globe. Taken together, the findings advocate for increased accessibility of orexin receptor antagonists in Europe for management of primary insomnia.