This research paper explores the history and evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), tracing its origin from early comprehensive work by Alan Turing to the development of highly capable AI programs and models that have significantly developed over the decades. As a field that aims to create systems capable of reasoning, learning, using logic, performing tasks associated with human intelligence, AI has developed through phases including normal problem solving, logical reasoning, and practical demonstrations such as early game-playing programs. The main objective of this paper is to study the origin of artificial intelligence, analyse the pivotal moments in AI’s history, including Turing's stored program concept, machine learning, deep neural networks, emergence or first AI systems, breakthrough of expert systems and knowledge based AI. The paper further explored the noteworthy work done by various researchers like Alan Turing, John McCarthy etc and the role of computational power and data availability in the development of AI. Further, it reviews the steps required to create LLM’s/AI and the role of various professionals while doing so. Collecting secondary data from reputable sources, research papers, online videos, helps develop a qualitative approach into the early works on the development of AI and significant implications on the same. Further, by closely scrutinizing technical documentation, scholarly review papers, historical analysis, this paper clearly portrays and identifies the crucial moments that turned out to be a changing point in AI development, including the former Dartmouth Conference, and the impact of “AI Winters” induced by the Lighthill and ALPAC reports. This paper concludes with recommendations for responsible and ethical AI development, and the need to understand the historical trajectory of AI which in turn will help develop future research directions and applications.
Aayan Khetan (Sun,) studied this question.