SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IoT

ABSTRACTEfficient water utilization is a critical challengein modern agriculture due to increasing waterscarcity and unpredictable climatic conditions. Traditional irrigation practices often result inexcessive water consumption and low cropproductivity due to the absence of real-timemonitoring and intelligent decision-making. Thispaper proposes a Smart Irrigation System thatintegrates Internet of Things (IoT) technologywith Machine Learning techniques to optimizeirrigation scheduling and water usage. Thesystem employs soil moisture, temperature, andhumidity sensors to continuously monitor fieldconditions. Collected data is transmitted througha Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller to a cloudplatform, where a Random Forest–based machinelearning model predicts irrigation requirements. Based on these predictions, irrigation isautomatically controlled to supply water onlywhen required. Experimental evaluationdemonstrates improved irrigation efficiency, reduced water wastage, and minimized humanintervention. The proposed system provides ascalable and cost-effective solution forsustainable agriculture and smart farmingapplications.