Patentability of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Inventions

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies are rapidly transforming various industries, including healthcare, finance, transportation, and manufacturing. As AI-based systems increasingly generate innovative solutions, questions arise regarding their protection under existing patent laws. Traditional patent frameworks were primarily designed for human inventors and mechanical inventions, creating uncertainty when applied to AI and ML innovations. This paper examines the patentability of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning inventions by analyzing core patentability requirements such as novelty, inventive step, and industrial applicability. It discusses key legal challenges including algorithm patent exclusion, inventorship issues, and disclosure requirements. The study further provides a comparative analysis of patent approaches adopted in India, the United States, and Europe. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for updated legal guidelines and international harmonization to effectively address emerging challenges in AI-related patent protection while encouraging innovation and safeguardin