Adaptation and morphological transformation of English borrowings in the Russian and Spanish languages

The subject of the study is a comprehensive system of mechanisms for the adaptation of English-language terms into Russian and Spanish linguistic environments, considered through the lens of typological differences and common economic vectors. The object of the research is Anglicisms found in the Russian and Spanish languages within the context of economic terminology. The work examines in detail the morphological and phonetic transformations that English economic terms undergo in Russian and Spanish, as well as aspects of semantic derivation and the expansion of the lexical meaning of English borrowings. The study also explores specific mechanisms of borrowing and adapting Anglicisms in the economic sphere and identifies key differences and similarities in the adaptation processes in order to uncover common trends in linguistic evolution and cultural influences. A method of comprehensive sampling was used to extract terms from specialized dictionaries, economic periodicals, and corpus analysis utilizing national language corpora (the Russian National Corpus and CREA/CORPES XXI for Spanish) to track the frequency of Anglicism usage and their contextual surroundings. The scientific novelty lies in identifying specific adaptation models chosen by the Russian and Spanish languages when assimilating the same English lexical items in the economic domain. The main findings of this study indicate that the specificity of the formation of Anglicisms in the economic sphere of Russian and Spanish reflects not only linguistic processes but also the dynamics of these countries' integration into the global information space. As for the Russian language, it follows a path of active hybridization and morphological assimilation, while the Spanish language balances between maintaining its Roman identity and the necessity of adhering to international standards of business communication. Both languages demonstrate an astonishing ability for renewal, using English borrowings as a tool to describe new economic realities for which traditional means of expression are no longer sufficient.