Unifying Electromagnetism and Gravitation through the Material Space Theory

This paper presents a formal unification of electromagnetism and gravitation within the framework of Material Space Theory (MST). By discarding the purely ge-ometric interpretation of General Relativity and replacing it with a material medium of variable density, we demonstrate that gravity is not a fundamental force but a refractive phenomenon. We show that the permittivity (ϵ₀) and permeability (µ₀) of the vacuum are functions of the local density of material space. Under this paradigm, the bending of light and the acceleration of massive bodies are derived from Fer-mat’s principle of least time in a gradient-index medium. This approach naturally explains the identical propagation velocities of light and gravitational waves and pro-vides a physical mechanism that avoids the singularities inherent in classical general relativity.