Methodological Evaluation of Off-Grid Communities Systems in Nigeria Using Difference-in-Differences Model for Adoption Rate Measurement

Off-grid communities in Nigeria face challenges in accessing clean energy sources. The adoption of solar home systems (SHS) is a potential solution but varies significantly across regions. A DiD regression analysis was employed to measure the impact of SHS adoption. Data from 20 rural communities were collected and analysed over two years. The DiD model indicated a significant increase in SHS adoption rates by 45% after the intervention, with urban areas showing higher uptake than rural ones (p < 0. 01). The study highlights the importance of socio-economic factors in driving SHS adoption and suggests that targeted interventions could accelerate this process. Local governments should prioritise community engagement and infrastructure development to support wider SHS adoption in off-grid communities. The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.