Observational Closure: A Unified Framework for Cosmological Anomalies and Quantum Measurement

This work introduces the "Observational Closure" framework, a non-injective mapping theory that derives fundamental constants and cosmological parameters as structural consequences of the observation channel. By formalizing the relationship between a high-dimensional meta-domain and a lower-dimensional persistent record, we provide a unified physical mechanism (The Portal Equation) for three distinct 5-sigma anomalies: the Hubble Tension, the Cosmological Constant problem, and Cosmic Birefringence. The framework identifies the holographic entropy of horizons with the geometric underdetermination of the observation map and provides specific, falsifiable predictions for upcoming CMB missions (LiteBIRD/CMB-S4), alongside an axiomatic derivation of quantum state collapse as an information-theoretic identity.