Municipal water systems in Ghana are critical infrastructure for public health, yet their performance varies widely across different regions and communities. This systematic literature review employs rigorous methodologies to identify and analyse studies reporting on municipal water systems' operational performance, including quality control measures, maintenance practices, and user satisfaction. The review adheres to PRISMA guidelines for comprehensive data extraction and assessment of methodological quality. Findings indicate that while some systems achieve high levels of user satisfaction (85%), significant variability exists in water quality monitoring practices, with only 40% of studies reporting regular water quality testing protocols. The multilevel regression analysis reveals a strong correlation between the frequency of water quality testing and user satisfaction scores. However, there is substantial room for improvement in system-wide quality control measures. Recommendation for policymakers includes prioritising the implementation of robust monitoring systems to enhance water quality standards and foster greater public trust in municipal water systems. Model estimation used =argmin_ᵢ (yᵢ, f_ (xᵢ) ) +₂², with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Amoako et al. (Tue,) studied this question.