and Informal Sector Dynamics in Urban Mali: An African Perspective

Urbanization in Mali has accelerated, leading to a significant increase in informal sector employment. This sector is crucial for poverty reduction and economic resilience but faces challenges in terms of regulation and support from formal institutions. This survey research employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews. Data was collected from 500 randomly selected informal sector workers in three major cities of Mali. The findings suggest that informally employed individuals experience higher levels of stress (43%) compared to those in formal sectors, indicating significant psychological strain due to irregular work schedules and income instability. This study highlights the importance of integrating psychological support into urban development strategies for informal sector workers. The research contributes to understanding the complex interplay between socio-economic factors and mental health in African contexts. Policy recommendations include enhancing access to social protection schemes, providing training on stress management techniques, and advocating for inclusive labour policies that recognise the importance of informality in the economy.