Purpose This study aimed to examine the effects of (1) esports motivations (i.e. social, immersion, and achievement) and (2) participation frequency in esports competitions and gaming communities on two self-efficacy outcomes among recreational gamers. Design/methodology/approach A total of 324 individuals recruited from Prolific Academic participated in an online survey. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression to examine relationships among key variables after controlling for demographic factors. Findings The achievement motivation factor was positively associated with esports gamers’ general and social self-efficacy. Participation frequency in esports competitions was positively associated with social self-efficacy, whereas participation frequency in gaming communities was negatively associated with social self-efficacy. Originality/value This study extends our understanding of the developmental benefits experienced by consumers engaged in esports and provides valuable insights for service providers and event organizers in designing and promoting esports programs that foster personal growth and social skills.
Choi et al. (Thu,) studied this question.