The spatial formation of spa settlements in Vojvodina, within the broader context of the Pannonian Basin, reveals a strong yet underexplored relationship between natural landscape conditions and urban morphology. This paper centres on three spa landscapes: Rusanda, Kanjiža and Stari Slankamen - each embedded within a specific environmental setting defined by landform morphology, microclimate and vegetation - providing a framework for this analysis. Using a landscape-driven morphological approach, the study analyses the spatial configuration of each settlement in relation to its surrounding landscape. The aim is to reveal the diversity and specificity of landscape structures within this seemingly uniform lowland territory through a qualitative reading of three spatial models, rather than to construct a comprehensive typology. In doing so, this research highlights the internal landscape variability of the Pannonian Basin, a fragile, layered and ecologically complex system, and addresses the underrepresentation of landscape structure as a morphological agent in architectural and urban discourse. Spa settlements, more than other urban forms, sustain a direct, enduring spatial and functional dialogue with the natural systems that support them, exposing the extent to which landscape structure not only informs their morphology, but actively shapes their spatial logic and identity.
Anja Ljujić (Wed,) studied this question.