What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to explore the mechanisms and factors influencing blood-brain barrier opening using focused ultrasound and microbubbles.

March 21, 2026Open Access

Focused Ultrasound Combined with Microbubbles for Inducing Blood-Brain Barrier Opening: Cavitation Monitoring and Control

NLNa LiKunming University of Science and Technology FLFan LiTencent (China)

Key Points

The aim is to explore the mechanisms and factors influencing blood-brain barrier opening using focused ultrasound and microbubbles.
Review of existing literature on focused ultrasound and microbubbles
Analysis of preclinical studies on blood-brain barrier opening
Evaluation of cavitation monitoring techniques
Assessment of safety and effectiveness in inducing blood-brain barrier permeability
Focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles effectively opens the blood-brain barrier.
Improved drug delivery is achieved with minimal tissue damage.
Cavitation activity can be monitored and controlled to enhance safety.

Abstract

Focused ultrasound (FUS) represents an emerging non-invasive technique capable of achieving reversible and targeted opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) when combined with microbubbles (MBs), significantly enhancing drug permeability. This technology demonstrates considerable potential in preclinical studies for diagnosing and treating neurological disorders. Ensuring safe and effective BBB opening while preventing tissue injuries such as red blood cell extravasation remains a critical translational challenge. This review examines the mechanisms of FUS combined with MBs induced BBB opening, key influencing factors, and recent advances in strategies for monitoring and controlling in vivo cavitation activity, providing foundational insights for future research.

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