The Great Pyramid of Giza as a 1:100,000-Scale Geodetic-Celestial Model of the Awash River System

This paper proposes that the Great Pyramid of Giza encodes a geodetic-celestial model of the Awash River system in Ethiopia at an approximate 1:100,000 scale. The vertical positions of the three principal chambers — Subterranean, Queen’s, and King’s — correspond, within explicitly quantified tolerances, to the altitudinal sequence of three hydrologically distinct lacustrine features along the Awash corridor: the terminal basin at paleo-Lake Abhe (~350–370 m asl), the hypersaline Lake Basaka (~950–955 m asl), and the freshwater Lake Ziway (~1,635–1,640 m asl). Scaling discrepancies are quantified and interpreted as evidence of deliberate symbolic compression rather than metric proportionality, consistent with Egyptian representational practice. Internal architectural details — including evaporite deposits in the Queen’s Chamber, the lateral offset of the King’s Chamber coffer, and the corbelled structure of the Grand Gallery — find specific parallels in the hydrology and morphology of the respective lake features. The paper integrates this geodetic framework with established Egyptian astronomical symbolism, centring on the heliacal rising of Sirius and the Benben emergence motif, and advances a testable prediction: non-invasive scanning at a predicted elevation of +68–70 m above the pyramid’s base datum may reveal an undetected void corresponding to the Ethiopian highland source region.