Sustainable Nanocomposites in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Green Synthesis, Drug Delivery, and Therapeutic Applications

Introduction: Nanocomposite-based materials are progressively influencing the future of pharmaceutical sciences owing to their capacity to amalgamate multifunctionality with biocompatibility. Conventional synthesis methods, on the other hand, often use dangerous chemicals, which raises questions about their long-term use and ability to be used in the real world. This review seeks to unify the nascent paradigm of sustainable nanocomposites, emphasizing eco-friendly synthesis methods, innovative drug delivery systems, and their therapeutic significance. The uniqueness of this article resides in its comprehensive examination of sustainability measures in conjunction with biological performance, a viewpoint seldom highlighted in prior evaluations. Methods: A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed publications, reports, and patents from premier scientific databases was conducted. The focus was on literature from the last fifteen years that talked about eco-friendly synthesis processes, structural changes, in vitro and in vivo research, and how nanocomposite systems may be used in real life. Results: The analysis shows that there are many different green synthesis methods, such as plantextract mediated reduction, biopolymer-assisted fabrication, and solvent-free procedures. These kinds of plans not only reduce ecological footprints, but they also make things more stable, biocompatible, and effective. Case studies demonstrate the function of sustainable nanocomposites in targeted drug delivery, controlled release formulations, antibacterial medicines, and cancer treatment. Discussion: The results show that these systems have two benefits: they are good for the environment, and they have great clinical promise. This article places nanocomposite development within sustainability frameworks, linking pharmaceutical innovation with green chemistry concepts. This is different from regular reviews. There is a lot of talk about problems with large-scale production, getting regulatory approval, and making things that can be reproduced. Conclusion: Sustainable nanocomposites signify a revolutionary advancement in medicinal sciences. By combining green synthesis with therapeutic efficacy, they create a strong route toward biomedical innovations that are safer, more scalable, and more ethical.