Rapid urbanization has positioned cities at the forefront of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This study examines the role of integrating renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, into urban infrastructure to promote sustainable development. A comprehensive literature review and case study analysis of cities in India and globally are conducted to evaluate policy frameworks, technological adoption, and measurable outcomes. Data related to energy generation, emission reductions, and economic impacts are synthesized from recent reports and scholarly sources. The findings indicate that cities implementing rooftop solar systems, energy-efficient lighting, and electric mobility solutions achieve substantial energy savings and reductions in CO₂ emissions. For example, global solar photovoltaic capacity additions reached 191 GW in 2022, while India has set an ambitious target of achieving 500 GW of renewable capacity by 2030. Case studies reveal diverse approaches: Indian cities, supported by initiatives such as Smart Cities Mission and FAME, emphasize LED street lighting, rooftop solar deployment, and electric vehicles, whereas global examples like Adelaide, Seoul, and Masdar City demonstrate advanced renewable targets and energy-efficient urban planning. The study further establishes a strong linkage between these initiatives and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), highlighting co-benefits for environmental sustainability, public health, and economic resilience. The paper concludes with policy recommendations emphasizing integrated urban planning, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and innovative financing mechanisms to accelerate the transition toward renewable-powered cities.
shetty et al. (Tue,) studied this question.