Egyptian-Ethiopian relations are vital and complex in the Horn of Africa, closely tied to the issue of Nile waters, which are essential for Egypt’s survival. Since the end of the Cold War, the relationship has seen notable shifts, especially with the emergence of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam as a key source of tension affecting Egypt’s national security. These relations span political, economic, diplomatic, and security dimensions and are influenced by internal, regional, and international dynamics. Looking ahead, three scenarios are possible: continuation of the current situation, movement toward cooperation if political will exists, or escalation if disputes deepen. In the short term, continuity appears the most likely due to the complexity of interests and the difficulty of reaching lasting solutions Egyptian-Ethiopian relations are among the vital relations in the Horn of Africa region. However, they are witnessing a state of tension and fluctuating rapprochement, as a result of the overlap of several internal, regional and international factors. The issue of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam stands out as the most prominent point of contention between the two countries, due to its water, political and security repercussions. From this standpoint, the research problem revolves around understanding the nature of these relations, analyzing their determinants, and anticipating their future paths in light of the complexity of the regional and international scene.
Al-Jubouri et al. (Sun,) studied this question.