Enhancing the Anticancer Efficacy of Polyphenols Through Lipid‐Based and Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery Systems in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression and has aggressive behavior and poor prognosis; therefore, it has significant limitations and challenges in its treatment. Current therapeutic approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, often lack specificity and can harm healthy cells. Novel therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies, have gained great interest in treating TNBC. Targeted therapies, particularly polyphenol‐based approaches and nanotechnology, can improve the treatment efficacy and reduce side effects. Polyphenols, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans, have attracted increasing attention because of their natural and noninvasive content and exhibit promising anticancer properties through mechanisms such as epigenetic modification, antioxidant effects, aromatase inhibitor activity, inhibition of glycolytic metabolism, apoptosis induction, and estrogen receptor inhibition. However, their poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and sensitivity to environmental factors often limit their therapeutic capacity. Drug delivery systems have been designed to overcome these limitations. The studies highlighted in this review include recent advancements in nanomaterials that introduce nanocarrier systems to offer solutions to these challenges and enhance the stability, delivery, and therapeutic potential of polyphenols. Nanocarriers, such as lipid‐based and polymeric nanoparticles, have shown improved drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes in preclinical models of TNBC. These advancements show promise for improving breast cancer treatment by helping to overcome existing limitations and providing more effective and targeted therapeutic options.