Elimination of the Expanding Spacetime Hypothesis: Demonstration of Cosmic Large-Scale Homogeneity Based on the Helical Photon Energy Dissipation Model

The standard cosmological model (ΛCDM model) interprets cosmological redshift based on the core assumption of the expanding spacetime, which lacks microscopic physical mechanisms and suffers from theoretical dilemmas including dark energy and the initial singularity. Existing interpretations of cosmological redshift equate the apparent motion of galaxies with the expansion of spacetime, blurring the distinction between local celestial motion and the global spacetime properties of the universe. This paper introduces the helical photon energy dissipation model proposed in the author’s previous research, with the exponential decay law of photon energy with propagation distance as its core (, where denotes the photon energy dissipation coefficient). Combined with the observationally fitted relation of Hubble’s law, a redshift interpretation framework under static spacetime is constructed. This study reveals that the physical essence of cosmological redshift lies in the energy dissipation of photons during their long-range propagation in the universe, rather than the geometric effect caused by spacetime expansion. Through rigorous derivation in the full redshift scenario (including medium and high redshifts ), the model is verified to be globally consistent with the observed form of Hubble’s law. Both mathematical derivation and observational fitting prove that the universe exhibits homogeneous and isotropic characteristics on large scales. This paper clarifies that the above conclusions apply exclusively to the large-scale spatial properties of the universe, and do not contradict the relative motion of celestial bodies in local small-scale regions (e.g., within galaxies and galaxy clusters). This study abandons the redundant hypothesis of spacetime expansion, and proposes a more concise static homogeneous cosmological model. It also clarifies the boundary between the large-scale spatial properties of the universe and the local relative motion of celestial bodies, and resolves the logical contradiction between global spacetime expansion and local celestial motion in the traditional ΛCDM model.