Informal Cross-Border Trade in Eastern Africa: Volumes, Actors, and Policy Implications: Beyond the Liberal Peace Framework

This article examines Informal Cross-Border Trade in Eastern Africa: Volumes, Actors, and Policy Implications: Beyond the Liberal Peace Framework with a focused emphasis on Guinea-Bissau within the field of Energy. It is structured as a policy analysis article that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.