Distant Energy Reduction Mechanism and Matter Generation in Galactic Jets

Observations confirm that black hole jets need to propagate 5000–7000 light-years to stably form protons, electrons, neutrons and other nucleonic matter. Only ultra-high-energy radiation exists near the black hole core, without stable nucleons. Based on multi-band observations of M87 galaxy and SS 433 microquasar, this paper proposes a self-consistent physical mechanism: the extremely high temperature and photon density near the black hole cause newly generated particles to be instantly broken up by high-energy collisions and cannot exist stably. In cosmic vacuum, there is no medium and heat conduction, energy is not dissipated. The only energy reduction ways of high-energy photons are collisional energy splitting and spatial dilution. The farther the jet propagates, the lower the photon density, and the probability of energy reduction is greater than that of energy increase, so matter can be stably generated. 5000–7000 light-years is the critical length determined by density threshold and energy threshold. This mechanism is highly consistent with observational facts and can uniformly explain the jet length, matter generation position and temperature distribution characteristics.