The rapid evolution of cyberspace has profoundly impacted security dynamics andthe conduct of armed conflicts. As an integral domain in modern warfare, cyberspaceintertwines with traditional conflict factors, such as human and material resources, space,time, and information, redefining their roles and interactions. This paper explores theinfluence of cyberspace on security within the context of armed conflicts, highlighting itsdual nature as a battlefield and a tool for shaping strategic outcomes. Emphasis is placed onintegrating advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things(IoT), in enhancing operational capabilities and addressing hybrid and informationalwarfare. Furthermore, the study examines the critical role of disaster risk resilience inmitigating the cascading effects of cyber-related disruptions during conflicts. The findingsunderscore the need for a comprehensive approach combining technical innovations,organizational strategies, and robust regulatory frameworks. The paper concludes thatachieving resilience in cyberspace requires multidisciplinary collaboration, continuouscapacity building, and the alignment of security policies with emerging technologicalchallenges. The findings highlight the critical importance of integrating digitalinfrastructures, regulatory frameworks, and innovative technologies, such as artificialintelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT), to mitigate cascading effects during armedconflicts. By emphasizing adaptive strategies and capacity-building, the paper offersactionable insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to strengthen societal andinfrastructural resilience in the face of hybrid threats.
Cvetković et al. (Mon,) studied this question.