What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to explore an empirical mass relation among Standard Model electroweak bosons.

May 4, 20260 citationsOpen Access

An Empirical Mass Relation among Electroweak Bosons: mH mZ² ≈ 2 mW³

Key Points

This research aims to explore an empirical mass relation among Standard Model electroweak bosons.
Utilized Particle Data Group values for mass calculations (m_H, m_Z, m_W).
Calculated the dimensionless ratio I and assessed numerical accuracy.
Discussed alternative theoretical frameworks to explain the observed mass relation.
The mass relation m_H × m_Z² ≈ 2 m_W³ holds with 0.16% accuracy.
The dimensionless ratio I_exp = 2.003 was derived from the empirical relation.
The relation connects to the Higgs self-coupling and provides insight into potential theoretical extensions.

Abstract

We report a numerical relation among the masses of the Standard Model electroweak bosons: mH × mZ² ≈ 2 mW³ Using the latest Particle Data Group values (mH = 125. 1 GeV, mZ = 91. 1876 GeV, mW = 80. 379 GeV), this relation is satisfied to 0. 16% accuracy, and the dimensionless ratio I ≡ mH mZ²/mW³ takes the value Iₑxp = 2. 003. We emphasize that this relation is NOT a theoretical identity of the Standard Model: it is equivalent to the empirical near-equality λ ≈ g² cos⁴θW / 2 (accurate at ~2. 4%), where λ is the Higgs self-coupling and θW is the Weinberg angle. The relation is therefore analogous in status to the Koide formula for charged-lepton masses---a precise empirical regularity awaiting theoretical explanation. We document the numerical accuracy, the equivalent forms, and discuss possible theoretical avenues including extended custodial symmetry, gauge-Higgs unification, and conformal extensions of the Standard Model.

Demander à l'IA

Bookmark

View Full Paper