Invariant Temporal Ordering Framework (ITOF): A Structural and Operational Reformulation of Physical Measurement and Temporal Interpretation

This work presents the Invariant Temporal Ordering Framework (ITOF), a structural and operational reformulation of physical measurement in which all measurable quantities are expressed in terms of observable processes and their relations. Within this framework, measurement is defined as comparison between physical systems, and observable differences are attributed to system-dependent physical evolution under given conditions. Temporal description is treated as a relational construct applied to ordered physical change rather than as a directly measurable entity. The framework preserves all empirical results of established physical theories while providing a refined interpretation that removes reliance on unmeasured quantities. A residual formulation is introduced to represent measurable deviations from identical proportional behavior between systems, providing a minimal predictive structure suitable for empirical investigation. An experimental pathway is outlined based on high-precision comparison of physically distinct systems, enabling direct testing of residual system-dependent variation. This work establishes a consistent and testable theoretical framework and provides a foundation for further development toward quantitative modeling and experimental validation.