Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause of death and disability. Although late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac MRI is the reference for assessing myocardial viability, it requires contrast injection, complex protocols, and added cost. Prior virtual LGE approaches-mostly GAN-based-mainly use cine or T1 mapping and ignore T2-weighted short-tau inversion recovery (T2-STIR), which is highly sensitive to edema in acute MI. They also typically require manual post-hoc delineation of infarcts. We propose SSDiff (Synthesis joint Segmentation Diffusion), a multitask conditional diffusion framework that synthesizes contrast-free virtual LGE from routine cine + T2-STIR for acute infarct assessment and simultaneously segments myocardium, ventricular blood pool, and infarct. SSDiff introduces a feature-disentangled attention module that isolates sequence-specific cues to steer the diffusion process, and a cross-fusion module that aligns synthesis and segmentation decoders for mutual optimization. Evaluated on a multi-center, multi-vendor dataset of 409 subjects (2,177 aligned cine-T2-STIR-LGE triplets), SSDiff yields significant gains in synthetic image quality and downstream segmentation accuracy over strong baselines. Beyond serving as a clinically feasible alternative when LGE is unavailable or contraindicated, SSDiff also generates paired image-mask samples that augment LGE-scarce training, highlighting its practical utility and translational potential. Code is available at: https://github.com/QijingGJ/SSDiff.
Qi et al. (Thu,) studied this question.