M. K. Mamardashvili on artistic time in M. Proust's "In Search of Lost Time"

The subject of the study is M. K. Mamardashvili's views on the structure of artistic time in M. Proust's novel "In Search of Lost Time." The philosopher's judgments about poetics are considered in the context of literary receptions of his ideas in the works of S. N. Broytman, S. G. Bocharov, L. N. Ryaguzova, and others. Special attention is given to the relationship between the architectonics of Proust's novel and the problems of time, memory, and creativity in the writer's understanding. The structure of time in the novel is described from the perspective of the concept of "producing work" (opera operans) by M. K. Mamardashvili, according to which the text (narration) serves as an "artifactual organ" that generates the events of conscious life for the author, reader, and narrator. This understanding of a literary work creates a special architectonic structure of the world of the work, including the structure of time. The authors of the article generally rely on the methodological analysis scheme in literary studies proposed by V. V. Kurilov. Moreover, the analysis is conducted partially: the relationship between conceptual foundations and analysis results is established. The study also takes into account the specificity of Mamardashvili's works, characterized by the parallelism of interdisciplinary categories based on the principle of "one - in another" (E. V. Kamanina). The main conclusions of the conducted study characterize time in the novel in terms of the poetic features that the philosopher highlighted in "producing" literary works: fragmentarity, incompleteness, and variability. Time is described as nonlinear, spatially "topological." The narration is constructed so that different times and the corresponding "subjective" states of the narrator can overlap with one another. Points of intersection of times act as leitmotifs-symbols that form a system of "correspondences" in the novel (Ch. Baudelaire). At these points, the consciousness of the narrator exists at the level of a non-subjective "zero self." Reading time is also organized as variably-multiple, making the novel "open" (U. Eco) to different paths of reading. In general, M. K. Mamardashvili's approach to literature demonstrates its relevance and significance, and his philosophical ideas allow for the discovery and explanation of non-obvious structures in artistic works.