Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is one of the regions distinguished by its rich flora, and Campanulaceae Juss. family occupies a special place on its flora. As a result of expeditions conducted in 2011–2025, more than 600 herbarium specimens were collected from various mountainous zones, GPS coordinates and heights were recorded. As a result of studies conducted using floristic, systematic, ecological and geobotanical methods, it was determined that the family is represented by 3 genera, 20 species and 6 variations in Nakhchivan flora, which constitutes 52.63% of the species distributed in Azerbaijani flora. The species are divided into mesophyte, xerophyte and intermediate groups according to their relationship to humidity, and heliophyte and facultative heliophyte according to their relationship to light. Biomorphological analysis showed that perennial herbs predominate. In terms of vertical zonality, it was found that species are unevenly distributed in the foothills, middle and high mountain zones. As a result of the research, 8 Caucasian endemic and 7 rare species were identified, their distribution areas were specified and included in the “Red Book”. Due to their decorative properties, 11 species were recommended for use in ornamental gardening and landscaping. This study presents the first extensive analysis of the systematic and bioecological characteristics of the Campanulaceae family in the flora of Nakhchivan AR.
Sattar et al. (Thu,) studied this question.