What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop a classification of concrete prefabricated elements based on their structural properties and common usage in housing design.

May 9, 2026Open Access

Classification of Precast Concrete Façade Elements Used in Contemporary Residential Buildings

PMPaweł MikaCracow University of Technology TTTolkynbayev TemirkhanL. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University ZLZhaksylykova LeilaPolitecnico di Milano

Key Points

To develop a classification of concrete prefabricated elements based on their structural properties and common usage in housing design.
Presented a classification system for precast concrete elements
Analyzed structural properties of various concrete façade elements
Determined the prevalence of these elements in residential design.
Structural sandwich elements and cladding panels were identified as the most common types used in housing design.
Prefabrication methods showed potential benefits in enhancing construction quality and reducing carbon footprint.

Abstract

Abstract In recent years, a slow change towards prefabrication has been observed in the construction sector. An increasing amount of construction work is done off site. The benefits of such arrangements are noted, as it results in the construction of better-quality buildings and can lead to lowering a project’s overall carbon footprint. These changes concern every stage of construction and nearly every material solution, including external walls made from concrete panels. The objective of this study was to develop and present a classification of concrete prefabricated elements in terms of their structural properties and to determine which of these elements are most often used in the design of housing. The study found that structural sandwich elements and cladding panels were among the most popular technologies.

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