Abstract: The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical global health concern, undermining the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics and complicating the treatment of infectious diseases. As a result, there is an urgent need to explore alternative therapeutic strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a promising solution due to their ability to target microbial membranes and essential cellular functions, exhibiting potent activity even against resistant strains. However, translating AMPs into clinical use is challenging due to issues, such as enzymatic degradation, short half-life, systemic toxicity, and poor pharmacokinetic profiles. To address these barriers, innovative delivery technologies have been developed. Systems such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, polymeric carriers, and microneedle arrays are being explored to enhance AMP stability, bioavailability, and targeted action. Additionally, advancements in peptide modification, combination therapies, and stimuli-responsive platforms are further enhancing their therapeutic potential. This review outlines the latest advancements in AMP delivery strategies aimed at counteracting AMR. It highlights key developments, identifies ongoing challenges, and proposes directions for future research. Emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach, the study underscores the transformative role of AMP-based systems in the next generation of antimicrobial therapies.
Anshu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.