What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to construct exact strong zero mode operators in quantum circuits and spin chains with specific boundary conditions.

May 25, 2026Open Access

Exact strong zero modes in quantum circuits and spin chains with non-diagonal boundary conditions

Key Points

The study aims to construct exact strong zero mode operators in quantum circuits and spin chains with specific boundary conditions.
Developed exact strong zero mode operators in integrable quantum circuits and the spin-1/2 XXZ chain.
Examined the localization of these operators around boundaries and their impact on coherence times.
Utilized a mapping to relate the spin-1/2 XXZ chain to the asymmetric simple exclusion process.
The exact strong zero mode is localized around one boundary, inducing infinite coherence times.
The zero mode operator becomes spatially non-local upon mapping to the asymmetric simple exclusion process.
Indicates that the zero mode does not significantly influence the dynamics of the exclusion process.

Abstract

We construct exact strong zero mode operators (ESZM) in integrable quantum circuits and the spin-1/2 XXZ chain for general open boundary conditions, which break the bulk U(1) symmetry of the time evolution operators. We show that the ESZM is localized around one of the boundaries and induces infinite boundary coherence times. Finally we prove that the ESZM becomes spatially non-local under the map that relates the spin-1/2 XXZ chain to the asymmetric simple exclusion process, which suggests that it does not play a significant role in the dynamics of the latter.

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