Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems (LBDDS) and Nanocarriers

Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems (LBDDS) and nanocarriers are essential in modern medicine to address the issue of low bioavailability and poor solubility for new therapeutic agents, particularly small molecules and peptides. Through the use of LBDDS, SEDDM and Nano emulsions can enhance oral absorption by using natural lipid digestion to create colloidal structures that increase permeability and inhibit efflux transporters (P-gp). The evolution of nanocarriers from Liposomes to SLNs and NLCs results in their stability, controlled release, and targeted delivery through passive (EPR effect) and active methods. Natural and semisynthetic lipids, along with nonionic surfactants, are crucial for maintaining formulation stability. In addition, biopolymeric nanoparticles (Chitosan, Hyaluronic Acid) allow site-specific targeting. The future will be focused on stimuli-responsive and theranostic systems that enable precise, triggered drug release through internal or external mechanisms, ultimately changing drug efficacy across all channels of administration. The role of LBDDS and various nanocarriers in improving the bioavailability of drugs with low solubility is examined in this work. LBDDS systems, such as self- emulsifying systems use natural lipid digestion to create colloidal structures that allow for increased oral absorption. Liposomes, SLNs and polymeric micelles are advanced nanocarriers that deliver liposomal targets and release them selectively (often using the EPR effect). The biopolymers Chitosan and Hyaluronic Acid offer specific targeting of the mucosomes or receptors.' Next steps include developing predictive in vitro models that factor in the full absorption process and move beyond basic digestion to accurately predict drug fate.