To address the mismatch between spatial form and wind environment of residential districts in cold-region valley-type cities, which leads to poor thermal comfort, low ventilation efficiency and high building energy consumption, this study takes Hongyun Runyuan, a typical large-scale residential district in Lanzhou, as the research case. Using orthogonal experimental design, nine spatial schemes were developed with three core morphological parameters (building orientation, spacing coefficient, enclosure degree), each set with three levels. CFD simulations via PHOENICS were performed to analyze the influence weight of each parameter on the winter wind environment at 1.5 m pedestrian height. Results show that building orientation exerts an extremely significant effect on the winter wind environment (p = 0.006), while the spacing coefficient and enclosure degree have no significant independent effects (all p > 0.05). The optimal scheme, featuring 10° east of south orientation, 1.1 spacing coefficient and 0.3 enclosure degree, can effectively meet the winter wind protection demand. The quantitative optimization strategies proposed in this study provide scientific support for wind-friendly residential planning and building energy efficiency improvement in cold-region valley-type cities.
Cao et al. (Sat,) studied this question.