The six-component wheel force load spectrum is a critical input for road simulation tests, CAE analysis, and fatigue life prediction. It plays a vital role in vehicle development and durability testing. To accurately and efficiently predict six-component wheel forces, this paper proposes a prediction method based on Transformer-BiLSTM. Spearman, dCor, and MIC quantify the relationships between operating parameters and six-component wheel force loads from multiple perspectives. An entropy weighting method then weights these parameters objectively and selects input features for the prediction model. The Transformer encoding layer processes the model input and provides more representative time series features for the BiLSTM model, which then predicts the six-component wheel forces. The results show that the predicted six-component wheel forces agree closely with the actual values, with R 2 values generally above 0.85. This method accurately and efficiently predicts six-component wheel forces and offers engineering value for virtual load extraction, CAE simulation, and durability design in the automotive industry.
Zou et al. (Sun,) studied this question.