Agriculture has historically been a cornerstone of India's economy, contributing significantly to GDP, employment, and rural livelihoods. Despite the growth of the industrial and service sectors, agriculture remains integral to India's economic stability and food security, providing employment to over 40% of the workforce. This paper explores the multifaceted role of agriculture in India's economic development, with a particular focus on its contributions in 2023. It examines the evolving role of the sector in the context of technological advancements, government policies, and the shift towards sustainable farming practices. The study analyzes agriculture’s share in GDP, its impact on rural employment, and its role in India's export economy. It also delves into the challenges faced by the sector, such as climate change, fragmented landholdings, and price volatility, and assesses the effectiveness of government interventions like the Minimum Support Price (MSP) and Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). Through a combination of quantitative data analysis and qualitative insights from case studies, this paper highlights the critical role of agriculture in shaping India's economic resilience. Findings reveal that while agriculture's share of GDP has decreased, it remains a vital source of economic stability, especially during global uncertainties. Technological innovations and sustainable practices have contributed to improved productivity, though challenges persist. The research concludes that for agriculture to continue driving inclusive growth, a balanced approach is needed-one that integrates modernization with sustainable practices and ensures equitable access to resources. The insights from this study can guide policymakers in developing strategies that foster rural development, enhance farmer income, and ensure the long-term sustainability of India's agricultural sector.
Tripathi et al. (Fri,) studied this question.