Synthetic Approaches and Pharmacological Properties of Pyrazole Derivatives: A Review

Abstract: Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have always been a valuable source of therapeutic agents. Pyrazole, which has two nitrogen atoms and an aromatic character, offers great functional diversity and remarkable stereochemical complexity within its fivemembered cyclic structure. The field of pyrazole is a very broad field; several studies have confirmed the remarkable efficacy of pyrazole-derived pharmacophores in the medical and diagnostic fields. The interest of pyrazole and its derivatives lies in their versatility, which allows the synthesis of a series of analogues with different functional groups, thus influencing the electronic properties and, by extension, the properties of the resulting compounds. Pyrazole is a prominent structural motif in medicinal chemistry. The incorporation of various pharmacophoric groups into the pyrazole nucleus has enabled the exploitation of numerous physiological and therapeutic applications. This review presents pyrazole, a compound of major interest due to its increasing importance in medicinal chemistry. Pyrazole is a simple substance playing an essential role in many compounds with favorable pharmacokinetic properties, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antimalarial, and antioxidant. This diversity of applications in biology has sparked the interest of many researchers who are studying its chemical and biological structure. Faced with the rapid development of new pyrazolebased therapeutic agents, it is necessary to combine the latest knowledge with previous data in order to better understand the place of this motif in medicinal chemistry research. This study describes the different methods of synthesis of pyrazole derivatives, as well as their pharmacological properties, and explains how it can be easily prepared thanks to recent advances in synthetic medicinal chemistry.