What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to assess the differences in macular ganglion cell complex thickness and parafoveal vessel density between patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma.

June 1, 2026Open Access

Comparative analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

Key Points

This study aims to assess the differences in macular ganglion cell complex thickness and parafoveal vessel density between patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma.
Cross-sectional study conducted with 150 eyes from patients with POAG and OHT and 50 control eyes.
Evaluations performed using optical coherence tomography angiography imaging between November and December 2022.
Comparative analysis of macular GCC thickness and pfVD in different groups.
No significant differences in GCC thickness or pfVD between control and OHT groups (p>0.05).
Significant reductions in both GCC thickness and pfVD in POAG eyes, with more severe reductions in advanced stages.
More pronounced decrease in pfVD observed in the superficial capillary plexus compared to the deep plexus.

Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and parafoveal vessel density (pfVD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) and early- to intermediate-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 150 eyes from 56 patients with POAG and 32 patients with OHT who were under regular follow-up at the Glaucoma Unit of Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology. Evaluations were conducted between November and December 2022. Additionally, 50 eyes from 25 healthy individuals were included as a control group. OCT-A imaging was performed using the Topcon DRI OCT Triton system (Topcon Corporation, Japan). Macular GCC thickness and pfVD in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses were measured and compared among groups. RESULTS: A total of 113 participants (74 females, 39 males) were included. No significant differences in macular GCC thickness or pfVD were observed between the control and OHT groups. In contrast, both parameters were significantly reduced in POAG eyes, with greater reductions observed in more advanced disease stages. The decrease in pfVD was more pronounced in the superficial capillary plexus compared to the deep plexus. In early-stage POAG, GCC thinning appeared more prominent than pfVD reduction. CONCLUSıON: Our findings suggest that macular GCC thickness and pfVD assessed by OCT-A are associated with glaucomatous changes. In particular, structural alterations in macular GCC may be more pronounced than vascular changes in early-stage POAG. These results indicate that macular GCC assessment may provide complementary information in the evaluation of early glaucomatous damage. However, due to the cross-sectional design of the study, no conclusions can be drawn regarding the temporal relationship between structural and vascular changes.

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