Decoding the Medicinal Identity of Garcinia Gummi Gutta (L). N. Robson Root Through Pharmacognostic Analysis

This study aimed to standardize the root of Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) N. Robson (Clusiaceae) through detailed pharmacognostical and physicochemical evaluation. The plant was authenticated by Dr. V. Rama Rao, Research Officer (Botany), Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Bengaluru. Microscopic studies of the root transverse section revealed a circular outline with an outer brown cork, followed by 4–5 layers of phellogen and a thin phelloderm. A broad cortex composed of parenchymatous cells with embedded pericyclic fibers was observed, while the inner region showed phloem, irregularly arranged medullary rays, xylem vessels, and starch-containing parenchyma cells. Powder analysis confirmed that the root powder is brown in color, and microscopy revealed the presence of cork cells (surface view), bordered pitted vessels, xylem fibers, brachysclereids, starch grains, and various types of crystals, including clustered, rosette, and prismatic forms. Physicochemical parameters such as Moisture content, ash values, extractive values and fluorescence analysis were determined to support quality assessment. These parameters serve as reliable markers for the identification and standardization of the plant and provide essential data for future research and applications.