What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to quantify the impact of high fasting plasma glucose on global cancer trends from 1990 to 2023.

June 7, 2026

2278-P: Rising Global Burden of Cancers Attributable to High Fasting Plasma Glucose: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990–2023

Key Points

The study aims to quantify the impact of high fasting plasma glucose on global cancer trends from 1990 to 2023.
Estimated cancer deaths and DALYs attributed to high fasting plasma glucose using GBD 2023 across 204 countries.
Stratified the data by age, sex, cancer type, and region, using comparative risk assessment to calculate population attributable fractions.
Assessed annual percent changes using log-linear regression.
HFPG-attributable neoplasm deaths increased from 172,171 in 1990 to 432,794 in 2023 with an EAPC of 2.72%.
DALYs rose from 4.20 to 9.59 million, with an EAPC of 2.39%.
Pancreatic cancer showed the highest increase at 3.31%, with males experiencing a decline in rates by -0.16% and females remaining stable.

Abstract

Introduction and Objective: High fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) contributes to global cancer burden but its long-term impact remains incompletely defined. We quantified temporal trends of neoplasms attributable to HFPG from 1990-2023. Methods: We estimated cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to HFPG using GBD 2023 across 204 countries, stratified by age, sex, cancer type, and region. Population attributable fractions were calculated using comparative risk assessment. Annual percent change was assessed via log-linear regression. Results: HFPG-attributable neoplasm deaths increased from 172,171 (95% UI 116,960-249,038) in 1990 to 432,794 (331,702-564,815) in 2023 (EAPC: 2.72%), while DALYs rose from 4.20 to 9.59 million (EAPC: 2.39%). Age-standardized rates declined modestly (deaths: −0.06%; DALYs: −0.20%). In 2023, deaths concentrated in high-income regions 39.3%, Southeast/East Asia 29.7%, and Central/Eastern Europe 8.9%. Pancreatic cancer showed highest increases 3.31%, followed by liver 3.24%, breast 2.48%, colorectal 2.20%, and lung cancer 2.15%. Males experienced declining rates −0.16%; females remained stable 0.02%. Conclusion: Rising absolute cancer burden despite stable age-standardized rates reflects population aging in high-income and Asian regions. Disproportionate pancreatic and hepatic cancer increases emphasize urgent need for targeted glycemic control strategies as critical cancer prevention. Disclosure H. Desai: None. A. Vanaparti: None. M. Gupta: None. M. Kotte: None. S. Gadde: None. M. Ghani: None. S. Vummaneni: None.

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