Approach of Quran's to establishing the fundamentals of justice for women and orphans in Surah An-Nisa (An objective study) The Researcher

This study seeks to highlight the Qur’anic methodology in establishing the foundations of justice for women and orphans through an analytical study of Surah An-Nisa’, which represents a central source for building an integrated legislative system concerned with regulating the affairs of these groups and safeguarding their rights. The surah includes a comprehensive set of rulings and directives that emphasize the principle of justice and equity, and lays down precise regulations for the protection of financial and social rights, particularly in matters related to inheritance, maintenance, guardianship, and the preservation of human dignity. The study also aims to clarify the higher objectives (maqāṣid) underlying these rulings, demonstrating the comprehensiveness and flexibility of Qur’anic legislation in addressing issues related to women and children, as well as responding to contemporary misconceptions and criticisms concerning their rights in Islam.The research adopts a thematic methodology based on collecting all Qur’anic verses related to justice for women and orphans in Surah An-Nisa’ and analyzing them in an integrated manner that reveals the unity and coherence of the subject. It also employs supportive approaches, including descriptive, analytical, and maqāṣid-based methods, with reference to classical and contemporary works of Qur’anic exegesis, Qur’anic sciences, and comparative jurisprudence. This approach aims to achieve accurate scholarly findings that contribute to a sound understanding of the Qur’anic text and affirm the justice and humanistic nature of Islamic legislation.