What question did this study set out to answer?

To present a case of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a young child who exhibited respiratory symptoms.

June 17, 2026

A case Report of Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in a Child

ZHZiyin Huang ZDZuoxin DengGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health and Family Planning FLFang Lan

Key Points

To present a case of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a young child who exhibited respiratory symptoms.
Described clinical presentation of a 2-year-old boy with abdominal pain and fever.
Utilized imaging studies, pulmonary histopathological examination, and genetic testing for diagnosis.
Final diagnosis confirmed as pediatric pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH).
Emphasizes need for diagnostic evaluation in children with persistent respiratory symptoms and fever.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a clonal neoplastic disorder characterized by the aberrant proliferation of CD1a+/CD207+dendritic cells that infiltrate tissues and organs, resulting in organ dysfunction. METHODS: This case report describes a 2-year-old boy who presented with abdominal pain and fever. The etiology was ultimately confirmed through clinical symptoms, imaging studies, pulmonary histopathological examination, and genetic testing. RESULTS: The final diagnosis was pediatric pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). CONCLUSIONS: Although pulmonary involvement is not classified as a high-risk in consensus guidelines, PLCH requires diagnostic consideration in children presenting with persistent respiratory symptoms and recurrent fever.

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