This paper presents duty-cycle-driven design and optimization of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) for off-highway vehicle applications, based on manoeuvre analysis. A wheel-loader duty cycles has been considered for the purpose of extracting realistic torque–speed operating envelopes, to allow a proper motor sizing and design. A preliminary design of the IPMSM is obtained through analytical sizing and then validated through high-fidelity finite-element analysis in ANSYS Motor-CAD. A Design of Experiments-based sensitivity analysis is then performed using ANSYS OptiSLang in order to find the most influential geometric and magnetic design parameters. Based on these results, a surrogate-assisted multi-objective optimization using Particle Swarm Optimization is performed to achieve an improvement of efficiency, torque ripple and cogging torque reduction, mass minimization while strictly satisfying electromagnetic and mechanical constraints.
Ammar et al. (Mon,) studied this question.