Abiotic stresses particularly drought, salinity, and temperature extremes increasingly threaten crop stability in tropical environments where combinatorial stress events are intensifying under climate change. Despite growing omics capacity, current multi-omics syntheses of plant stress acclimation remain dominated by model species and major crops, leaving tropical and underutilized plants underrepresented in comparative stress biology. This review examines how transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, and integrative multi-omics frameworks have been applied to abiotic stress acclimation in selected tropical and underutilized plants, including banana, cassava, cacao, oil palm, papaya, Garcinia, coconut, mango, Avicennia marina, and tropical millets. We show that transcriptomics has provided the foundation for stress-response characterization in these species, but that proteomics and metabolomics reveal acclimation processes including protein-level buffering, osmolyte accumulation, and specialized-metabolite remodeling not captured by transcript profiles alone. Multi-omics integration strengthens candidate prioritization by identifying molecular convergence across layers, though most regulatory candidates in tropical systems remain associative and require functional validation. Conserved acclimation mechanisms include ABA-responsive transcription factor induction, ROS-scavenging remodeling, heat shock protein accumulation, and osmolyte biosynthesis, while lineage-specific responses highlight additional biochemical diversity unique to tropical species. Key bottleneck including complete reference genomes, limited metabolite annotation, inconsistent phenotyping, and poor cross-study comparability continue to constrain mechanistic interpretation. Priority future directions include pangenome resource development, single-cell and spatial profiling, machine-learning-assisted integration, and validation-focused experimental design. By placing tropical and underutilized plants more centrally within plant stress biology, this review advocates a broader, more inclusive framework for understanding acclimation under intensifying global change.
Ali et al. (Thu,) studied this question.